Cell History
Cells History all started in the mid 17th century preferably 1665, when Robert Hooke, an English physicists of many studies, took interests in microscopy and cells. He began looking at the cells and was the one to name cells "Cells" because of Hooke thought they looked like rooms in a monastery which were called cells . Hooke first looked at thin layers of Cork under his microscope which he had constructed even though he was only able to view the cell wall with his microscope. When Robert Hooke advanced in his observations he began looking at more complicated parts, such as insects and animal That same year, Hooke published a book named Micrographia which included his fascination of bacteria and drawings of cork cells and his early microscope with a magnification of about 10x.
In 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek (commonly known as the "Father of Micro-biology" and a Dutch Businessman) decided to build his own microscope out of a soda lime glass melted into glass spheres. With his new microscope Leeuwenhoek could magnify up to 300x opposed to the compound microscopes at that time could magnify up to about 20x or 30x. Leeuwenhoek started off looking at his own wooden teeth with his microscope and noticed all the bacteria on his teeth (due to the lack of hygiene during his lifetime), this lead Leeuwenhoek to study much more materials with his special microscope like pond water and studied protozoa. While Leeuwenhoek studied these organisms, he thought the bacteria looked like animals thus naming them animalcules, which sadly did not stick. Leeuwenhoek later discovered blood cells and was the first to live sperm cells in animals.
In 1774, A man named Felice Fontana who discovered the nucleolus while looking at an eel cell. He used a simple light microscope and saw a small dark circle in the cell.
Much later came a very experienced German botanist named Matthias Schleiden. Schleiden first came to a ground breaking realization (and a bit of an obvious one at that) while in his garden that all plants are made of cells. For quite some time Schleiden had observed plant matter but it was until 1838 that he had made that conclusion.
One year later a German zoologist named Theodor Schwann also concluded from all his time observing animal cells that all animals are made of cells. Not long after that, Schwann and Schleiden met in person and had two different view of cell reproduction, as Schwann thought cells came from other existing cells and Schleiden believed in free cell formation. Free cell formation was the belief that cells just kinda appeared or crystallized.
About 16 years after the realizations of Schleiden and Schwann, came a German physician/pathologist named Rudolph Virchow that challenged the theory of free cell formation. After working with eggs from various organisms, he proposed that all cells come from existing cells. Which later became one of the main components of the cell theory.
The Cell Theory is the overall concept of cells, and has three main ideas about them. The Cell theories rules are that all living things are made of cells, that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things, and lastly new cell are produced from existing cells.
The Cell Theory is the overall concept of cells, and has three main ideas about them. The Cell theories rules are that all living things are made of cells, that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things, and lastly new cell are produced from existing cells.
Much later came Janet Plowe in 1931. She discovered that the cell membrane is a physical structure, not an interface between two liquids. The cell membrane regulates what comes in and out of the cell and maintains the structure of the cell. The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer in the cell.
1970 was the year Lynn Margulis the biologist, proposed that certain organelles were once free-living cells themselves such as the mitochondria and cytoplast. She discovered that the plastids and other organelles found in the cell were once free living cells and even had their own DNA. She proposes that the process of developing new organisms and organelles play a key role in evolution over time. Margulis also contributed to the idea of the Gaia Hypothesis.
Two years after the theory of Lynn Margulis, Singer-Nicholson made a Fluid Mosaic Model. The Fluid Mosaic Model presents that the membranes are phospholipids bi-layers with globular proteins embedded in them, that the membrane is always moving, and they are made up of smaller pieces
And with each of these remarkable scientist will come many more with greater discoveries.